1. Iloilo Science and Technology University Leon Campus, Philippines

*             Correspondence: thryronedagcoin@gmail.com

Keywords: poultry, fermented, strains, broiler, Philippines

1. INTRODUCTION

Poultry is the most progressive animal enterprise today, it is one of the world’s major and fastest producers of meat [1]. In the Philippines, it has been a significant contributor to the country’s agriculture sector. Broiler production is mostly preferred by the Filipino animal raisers because of its simple management practices, short period of production, quick return of investment, and easy to market [2]. Therefore, it is very in demand in market industry and can be raised even in a small- or large-scale production [3]. Despite the level of sophistication it has achieved, the local industry faced with problems that deter its further development. The Philippine broiler industry is now faced with the challenge of beefing up production through importation of chicken meat and chicken meat cuts [4]. Although some broiler integrators are exporting increasing volumes of broiler meat, a significant quantity of cut-up broiler meat is also being imported into the country [5]. The continuing importation of leg quarters at dumped prices poses a major problem to local broiler production. In addition, among the recent problems encountered by poultry producers worldwide is the apparent reduction of chicken meat consumption that is brought about by the major outbreak of diseases and over increasing cost of feeds. These events caused the exceedingly high prices of broiler meat and a build-up in inventory [6]. Regardless of the indications of decline of competitiveness in international relations and the huge difficulties in production, the country has efficiently marshalled all resources to prevail over the glitches and the potential of the poultry industry remains high so far [7]. Plant derived products have been used for medicinal purposes for centuries. At present, recent research works on herbal formulations as feed additives and water supplementation have shown encouraging results with respect to gain in weight, water intake, feed efficiency and lowered mortality in poultry [8]. Fermented plant juice (FPJ) is derived from mixing the young shoots of the plants with molasses and fermented for one week [9].  FPJ is rich in micro and macro-nutrients.  The juice also contains rich microorganisms which give strength to animal [10]. However, the effect of fermented plant juice in broiler chickens with regards to its performance has not yet validated. Hence, this study was conducted. This study was conducted to determine the performance and carcass quality of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice. Specifically, the study aimed to, Evaluate the performance of different strains of broilers given with different sources of fermented plant juice in terms of feed consumption, gain in weight, water intake, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, and carcass quality, Find out which source of fermented plant juice will give the best result to the growth performance of strains of broiler, find out which source of fermented plant juice will give the highest profit; and, Find out if there is significant interaction effect between different strains of broiler and different sources of fermented plant juice.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was conducted at Brgy. Baybay, Jamin dan, Capiz. The materials and equipment used in the study are the following; 144 heads of day-old strains of broiler chicks, feeding troughs, watering troughs, cages, old newspaper, incandescent bulb, weighing scale, sharp knife, chopping board, Trichantera leaves/Mani-mani leaves/Azolla plant, molasses, fermentation jar, plastic bottle, commercial feeds (booster, starter, finisher), NCD vaccine, brooder, electric bulb, vaccine, calculator, bamboos, nails, and data notebook.

24in

The study had two factors. Factor A were the different strains of broiler: A₁-Hubbard broiler, A₂-Cobb broiler, and A₃-Dalmatian Kabir broiler. Factor B were the different sources of fermented plant juice which are: B₁-20ml molasses/liter of water (control), B₂-40ml fermented plant juice from trichantera/liter of water, B₃-40ml fermented plant juice from azolla/liter of water, and B₄-40ml fermented plant juice from mani-mani/liter of water. A 3 x 4 factorial experiment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this study. One hundred forty-four (144) heads of the different strains of broiler were purchased from a reliable supplier. The experimental birds were reared up to 42 days or throughout the duration of the study. On the 14^th day, the birds were randomly distributed to twelve treatments with three replicates and with four birds per treatment (Figure 01). Prior to the conduct of the study, the poultry house was constructed using bamboo slats and nipa. Twelve rows of individual cage were prepared to accommodate the experimental birds representing each treatment unit. The experimental site was cleaned and disinfected to prevent the occurrence of diseases during check-in of birds. Similarly, all the equipment’s used in the study such as, waterers, feeding troughs were cleaned with water and soap.

Figure 01: The experimental layout of the study in a 3 x 4 factorial experiment arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) replicated three times.

 

Factor A- Strains of Broiler

Factor B- Different Sources of Fermented Plant Juice

Factor A                                                                      Factor B

A₁-Hubbard                                              B₁-20ml molasses/liter of water (control)

A₂–Cobb                                                    B₂–40ml FPJ from trichantera/liter of water

A₃–Dal. Kabir                                          B₃–40ml FPJ from azolla/liter of water

                                                                       B₄-40ml FPJ from mani-mani/liter of water

Seven days before the application of treatments, Trichantera, Azolla, and Mani-mani leaves were collected early in the morning to ensure its freshness and more juice can be extracted from the leaves. These were collected from the area where it grows abundantly. Young and fresh leaves free from diseases were selected to ensure good quality for fermentation. Collected leaves were finely chopped using sharp knife so that the juice can be extracted easily. Chopped leaves were then mixed with molasses following the 1:1 ratio of preparing the concoctions. The mixture was kept in clean plastic cylindrical containers. Then, these were placed in a cool shaded area for 7 days to undergo fermentation process. After the fermentation process, the mixture was individually strained to separate the juice from the remaining solid particles. Fermented juice was placed in a clean plastic bottle and kept in a cool dry place until ready for utilization. Upon the arrival of the experimental chicks, it was given with one tablespoon of sugar per gallon of drinking water as glucose supplement to relieve them from the stressful transportation. Approximately three hours later, the water added with sugar was replaced with pure drinking water. Birds were given with chick booster feeds on the newspaper mating inside the brooder floor during the first week of brooding. Thereafter, feeds were placed in feeders. Two 50-watt bulbs were used as a source of artificial heat up to the 14^th day. The temperature of the brooder cage was monitored through observation of the behavioral characteristics of the chicks. Whenever the chicks will huddle to each other or stay together, the temperature inside the brooder is low. On the other hand, if the temperature is higher than what the chicks need, they tend to move away from the source of heat. The distance of the bulb from the chicks was adjusted to meet the required temperature inside the brooder. Old newspaper sheets were used as litter flooring and these were changed whenever necessary. Birds during the brooding stage was given with commercial chick booster feeds up to the14^th day. Gradual shifting of feeds of the birds was followed. On the 12^th day, 25% starter ration and 75% chick booster, on the 13^th day, 50% starter ration and 50% chick booster ration, while on the 14^th day, 75% starter ration and 25% chick booster was given. Full feeding of starter ration started on the 15^th day. Gradual shifting of feeds from starter to finisher ration was also done on the 24^th day of the experiment such that finisher ration was fully fed to the birds in the 27^th day until the termination of the study. Ad libitum feeding was practiced all throughout the conduct of the study. Feeding of the experimental birds was done three times a day, at 7:00 o’clock in the morning, 12:00 noon and at 5:00 o’clock in the afternoon. The refused feeds were collected and recorded every morning before feeding the birds to determine the total and average feed consumption. In addition, the total amount of feed given was recorded. Throughout the period of this experiment, proper sanitation was strictly practiced as well as the daily cleaning of the cages, watering and feeding troughs.

Experimental birds were given with fresh and clean water at all times. Addition of fermented plant juice from trichantera, mani-mani and azolla in water started on the 15^th day up to 42^nd day or the termination of the study. Left-over water from the waterer was collected and measured before replacing with a new one to determine the water intake of the experimental birds. The waterers were maintained clean throughout the duration of the study. The different sources of fermented plant juice were mixed in the drinking water from the 15^thday up to 42^nd day or up to the termination of the study. The levels of the different sources of fermented plant juice were added to every liter of water as follows: A₁B₁ = Hubbard strain in 20ml molasses/liter of water. A₁B₂= Hubbard strain in 40ml fermented trichantera/liter of water. A₁B₃ = Hubbard strain in 40ml fermented azolla/liter of water. A₁B₄= Hubbard strain in 40ml fermented mani-mani/liter of water. A₂B₁ = Cobb strain in 20ml molasses/liter of water. A₂B₂ = Cobb strain in 40ml fermented trichantera/liter of water. A₂B₃ = Cobb strain in 40ml fermented azolla/liter of water. A₂B₄ = Cobb strain in 40ml fermented mani-mani/liter of water. A₃B₁ = Dalmatian Kabir strain in 20ml molasses/liter of water. A₃B₂ = Dalmatian Kabir strain in 40ml fermented trichantera/liter of water. A₃B₃ = Dalmatian Kabir strain in 40ml fermented azolla/liter of water. A₃B₄ = Dalmatian Kabir strain in 40ml fermented mani-mani/liter of water. The birds were vaccinated against New Castle Disease administered intranasally on the 7^th day to prevent the occurrence of the disease. Proper sanitation was observed in the experimental area throughout the duration of the study. This was done by cleaning the cages, the feeding and watering troughs daily. Chicken dung was removed and disposed properly to prevent foul odor, flies and spread of diseases in the experimental area. Rice hulls were placed under the experimental cages to help reduce moisture, limit the production of ammonia and harmful pathogens.  Throughout the entire duration of the experiment, the performance of the experimental birds was recorded accordingly. The following data were noted during the study: Feed consumption of the birds was recorded from the 1st day of the study until the termination period. This was obtained by subtracting the weight of feed refused from the weight of the feed given. The difference was divided by the total number of birds in each replicate to obtain the mean feed consumption. Mean feed conversion ratio (kg) was determined by dividing the mean feed consumption over the mean gain in weight of broilers using the formula below:

 

Mean feed consumption (kg)

Mean gain in weight (kg)

 

 

Mean initial weight (kg) was taken at the start of the experiment. The total weight per replication was divided by the number of birds to obtain the mean initial weight per bird.

Mean final weight (kg) was taken at the end of the study or on the 42^nd day. The total weight per replication was divided by the number of birds. Mean gain in weight (kg) mean gain in weight was determined by calculating the difference between the mean final weight and the mean initial weight of the experimental birds. Mean water intake (L) was determined by measuring the amount of water given to the birds for the day and by deducting the amount left in the watering trough before giving fresh water in the morning on the succeeding day. The daily intake was summed up at the termination of the study and was divided by the number of birds per lot to represent the mean water intake of the experimental birds. For dressing Percentage One bird per replicate was randomly selected and was subsequently slaughtered. The jugular veins located at the left side of the bird’s neck was cut. After dressing and evisceration, the weight of the dressed carcass was recorded.

Dressing Percentage (DP) is the carcass weight after evisceration as a proportion of the bird’s liveweight. This is computed using the formula:

Eviscerated Dressed Weight

Fasting Liveweight

Slaughtered bird used to obtain the dressing percentage was selected for this purpose. The broiler meat was cooked in an oven for forty-five minutes (45mins). A bite size meat from each replicate was evaluated according to color, tenderness, aroma, juiciness and general acceptability. This was evaluated by 40respondents of different age groups to avoid bias. Ten respondents were coming from ages 18-25 years old, ten from ages between 26-40 years old, ten from ages between 41-50 years old and ten also respondents were coming from age group between 51-60 years old of both sexes. Each respondent was given with an evaluation sheet after a short briefing on the procedure of how to evaluate the cooked broiler meat. A glass of water and a plate having the broiler meat as samples were given to each respondent and instructed to drink the water first before tasting the samples to neutralize the sensory for taste. The sensory evaluation was conducted at Jamin dan, Capiz.

Each parameter with its description and general acceptability was graded according to the use of Hedonic scale from 1 to 9 such as:

1- Dislike Extremely

2- Dislike Very Much

3- Dislike Moderately

4- Dislike Slightly

5- Neither Like nor Dislike

6- Like Slightly

7- Like Moderately

8- Like Very Much

9- Like Extremely

The cost and return analysis of the birds were computed based on the prevailing market price during the termination of the study. The net profit of the experimental birds was determined by subtracting the total expenses incurred from the total sales of the birds. Return of Investment (ROI) was determined by dividing the net profit from the total expenses then multiplied by 100:

Net profit = total sales – total expenses

The data obtained for feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, average daily gain, water intake, dressing percentage, and carcass quality, were subjected to statistical analysis using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).

3. RESULT & DISCUSSION

The table below shows the average initial weight of strains of broilers prior to the onset of supplementation of different sources fermented plant juice. The mean initial weight of different strains of broiler had a similar mean of 0.40 g. On the other hand, the birds under Molasses only and fermented Mani-mani had a similar mean of 0.41 g. Followed by birds under fermented Azolla with a mean of 0.40 g and fermented Trichantera with a mean of 0.39 g. Analysis of Variance revealed no significant difference among the treatment means for both factors.

Table 01: Mean initial weight (g) of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	0.43	0.38	0.39	0.39	1.59	0.40
COBB	0.39	0.40	0.40	0.42	1.61	0.40
DAL.KABIR	0.40	0.39	0.40	0.41	1.60	0.40
TOTAL	1.22	1.17	1.19	1.22	4.80
MEANns	0.41	0.39	0.40	0.41		0.40

ns – not significant

 

Table 02 presents the final weight of the strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice. It can be noted that the birds supplemented with fermented Trichantera gave the highest final weight of 2.90 kg; followed by birds given with Molasses (control) with a final weight of 2.89 kg and with 2.84 kg final weight from birds given with fermented Azolla. The lowest final weight of 2.80 kg was observed from birds given with fermented Mani-Mani. The findings revealed that there was no significant difference in the final weight of strains of broiler as affected by the different sources of fermented plant juice. Furthermore, there was no interaction effect observed in the two factors tested.  Table 03 shows the mean gain in weight of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice. Birds supplemented with fermented Trichantera registered the highest gain in weight with 2.53 kg, followed by birds given with Molasses (control) with a gain in weight of 2.50 kg. A gain in weight of 2.44 kg was noted.

Table 02: Mean final weight (kg)of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

 

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	3.05	2.87	2.80	2.64	11.36	2.84
COBB	2.86	2.85	2.86	2.83	11.40	2.85
DAL.KABIR	2.76	2.99	2.85	2.94	11.54	2.89
TOTAL	8.67	8.71	8.51	8.41	34.30
MEANns	2.89	2.90	2.84	2.80		2.86

ns – not significant

 

from birds given with fermented Azolla and the lowest gain in weight of 2.40 kg was registered from birds supplemented with 40ml fermented Mani-Mani. The result was found to be not significant. Furthermore, there was no significant interaction effect noted between the strains of broiler and the different sources of fermented plant juice. This indicates that the gain in weight of strains of broiler was independent to the effect of the different sources of fermented plant juice. The result of the study seems to agree to the result of the study of [11] that the growth performance of broiler using fermented plant juice does not affect the feed consumption of birds.

Table 03: Mean gain in weight (kg)of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	2.63	2.48	2.42	2.24	9.77	2.44
COBB	2.50	2.52	2.46	2.42	9.90	2.48
DAL.KABIR	2.36	2.59	2.45	2.53	9.93	2.48
TOTAL	7.49	7.59	7.33	7.19	29.60
MEANns	2.50	2.53	2.44	2.40		2.47

ns – not significant         

 

Table 04 presents the mean feed consumption of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice. The birds supplemented with fermented Azolla obtained the highest feed consumption of 4.77 kg, followed by the birds given with Molasses (control) and fermented Mani-mani with the same feed consumption of 4.74 kg. The lowest feed consumption was noted from birds supplemented with fermented Trichantera with 4.68 kg. In relation to the strains of broiler used in the study, the highest feed intake of 4.76 kg was noted from dal. Kabir. This was followed by cobb strain with 4.75 kg of feed consumed, and the lowest feed intake was observed from Hubbard strain of broiler with 4.69 kg. There was no interaction effect observed between the strains of broiler and the different sources of fermented plant juice. This implies that each factor acted independently in terms of feed consumption.  The result of the study in terms of feed consumption seems to agree with the result of the study [12] that the growth performance of broiler using fermented plant juice does not affect the feed consumption of birds.

 

Table 04: Mean feed consumption (kg)of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	4.81	4.56	4.77	4.61	18.75	4.69
COBB	4.78	4.75	4.75	4.73	19.01	4.75
DAL.KABIR	4.62	4.74	4.80	4.88	19.04	4.76
TOTAL	14.21	14.05	14.32	14.22	56.80
MEANns	4.74	4.68	4.77	4.74		4.73

ns – not significant                         

 

The average feed conversion ratio in Table 05 shows no significant differences on the strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice. Furthermore, no interaction effect distinguished between the two factors tested. For comparison of means obtained from the different sources of fermented plant juice, birds supplemented with 40ml fermented Trichantera per liter of water was able to efficiently utilized feeds requiring 1.86 kg feeds to produce a kilo gain in weight, followed by 20ml Molasses (control) per liter of water with a mean of 1.92, 40ml fermented Azolla with 1.97 and the least efficient was noted on birds supplemented with 40ml fermented Mani-mani consuming 1.99 kg feeds to convert a kilo gain in weight. The highest water intake was obtained from birds given with molasses (control) and fermented Trichantera with a similar mean of 12.31 liters. This was followed by birds supplemented with fermented Mani-mani with a mean of 12.29 liters. The lowest water intake was registered from birds.

Table 05: Mean feed conversion ratio (kg) of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	1.83	1.84	1.98	2.07	7.72	1.93
COBB	1.96	1.88	1.93	1.97	7.74	1.94
DAL.KABIR	1.98	1.85	2.00	1.93	7.76	1.94
TOTAL	5.77	5.57	5.91	5.97	23.22
MEANns	1.92	1.86	1.97	1.99		1.94

ns – not significant

Supplemented with fermented Azolla with a mean of 12.28 liters (Table 06).  The findings of the study in this parameter may indicate that the strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice were not significant. Furthermore, there was no significant interaction effect noted between the two factors tested. The result seems to agree with the result of the study [13] that there was no significant difference in the water consumption of broilers supplemented with fermented fruit juice. The result of the study also agrees to the result of the study [14] as cited by [15] on the performance of upgraded native chicken using fermented Kamias that fermented Kamias juice in different levels does not affect the water intake of birds. The average dressing percentage of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice is reflected in Table 07. The highest percentage of 80.24% was obtained by birds supplemented with fermented Trichantera. Birds supplemented with molasses (control) obtained 78.82% while birds supplemented with fermented Mani-mani had a dressing percentage of 78.47%, and the lowest was observed from birds given with fermented Azolla with 76.93%. The result however was not significant. Furthermore, there was no significant interaction reflected between the strains of broiler and the different sources of fermented plant juice. Hence, the strains of broiler were independent to the effect of the different sources of fermented plant juice.

Table 06: Mean water intake (L) of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	12.30	12.30	12.27	12.30	49.17	12.29
COBB	12.31	12.31	12.31	12.28	49.21	12.30
DAL.KABIR	12.32	12.31	12.28	12.29	49.20	12.30
TOTAL	36.93	36.92	36.86	36.87	147.58
MEANns	12.31	12.31	12.28	12.29		12.30

ns –         not significant  

Table 07: Mean dressing percentage (%) of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	78.44	82.10	75.78	80.37	316.69	79.17
COBB	77.16	78.90	79.91	77.21	313.18	78.30
DAL.KABIR	80.87	79.73	75.10	77.84	313.54	78.39
TOTAL	236.47	240.73	230.79	235.42	943.41
MEANns	78.82	80.24	76.93	78.47		78.62

ns – not significant

               

The data on the general acceptability of meat of broiler is reflected in Table 08. Birds given with 40ml fermented Azolla and Mani-mani gave the best similar mean of 6.74 which indicates as the most acceptable meat among strains of broiler in terms of general acceptability. A mean of 6.73 was noted to the birds given 20ml Molasses (control) and the poorest general acceptability was observed from birds supplemented with 40ml fermented Trichantera with a mean of 6.65. The difference among treatments was not significant both in the strains of broiler and the different sources of fermented plant juice. The findings further revealed that there was no significant interaction noted between the two factors tested. Hence, the different sources of fermented plant juice are independent to the effect on the general acceptability of the meat of strains of broiler. No significant difference was noted in terms of aroma on the meat of the different strains broiler when supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice. Moreover, no significant interaction noted between.

Table 08: Mean general acceptability rating of meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	6.61	6.75	6.68	6.80	26.84	6.71
COBB	6.73	6.61	6.79	6.67	26.80	6.70
DAL.KABIR	6.85	6.60	6.75	6.74	26.94	6.74
TOTAL	20.19	19.96	20.22	20.21	80.58
MEANns	6.73	6.65	6.74	6.74		6.72

ns – not significant         

the two factors tested. This implies that in terms of aroma on the meat of strains of broiler, it is independent to the effect of the different sources of fermented plant juice. For comparison of the different sources of fermented plant juice, birds supplemented with fermented Mani-mani showed as the most aromatic with a mean of 6.87 interpreted as like moderately, followed by the birds given with Molasses (control) and fermented azolla which gave a similar mean of 6.79 interpreted as like moderately. The least aromatic meat of strains of broiler was noted to birds supplemented with fermented Trichantera with a mean of 6.75 interpreted as like moderately (Table 09).

Table 09: Mean aroma rating of meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	6.66	6.84	6.77	6.96	26.87	6.81
COBB	6.76	6.77	6.70	6.76	26.99	6.75
DAL.KABIR	6.96	6.64	6.91	6.89	27.40	6.85
TOTAL	20.38	20.25	20.38	20.61	81.26
MEANns	6.79	6.75	6.79	6.87		6.80

ns – not significant

Birds given with 20ml molasses (control) gained the highest rate of 6.90 in terms of color. This was followed by birds supplemented with fermented Mani-mani with a mean of 6.87, fermented Azolla with a rate of 6.81. The lowest rate was garnered by birds supplemented with fermented Trichantera with a mean of 6.77. All ratings obtained in terms of color of meat of strains of broiler were descriptively interpreted as like moderately (Table 10). In terms of color on the meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice, no significant difference was obtained. In addition.

Table 10: Mean color rating of meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	6.75	6.84	6.67	6.92	27.18	6.80
COBB	6.89	6.72	6.95	6.90	27.46	6.87
DAL.KABIR	7.06	6.76	6.80	6.78	27.40	6.85
TOTAL	20.70	20.32	20.45	20.60	82.04
MEANns	6.90	6.77	6.81	6.87		6.84

ns – not significant

no significant interaction was observed between the two factors tested. Hence, the color of meat of the strains of broiler is independent to the effect of the different sources of fermented plant juice. Table11 present the ratings of meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice in terms of flavor. The highest rating of 6.78 interpreted as like moderately was observed from birds supplemented with 40ml fermented Mani-mani. This was followed by birds under the supplementation of 40ml fermented Trichantera with a rate of 6.74 interpreted as like moderately, 20ml molasses (control) with a rate of 6.70 interpreted as like moderately. The lowest rating was noted from birds supplemented with 40ml fermented Azolla with a rate of 6.63 interpreted as like moderately. The result was not significant. Furthermore, there was no significant interaction effect noted between the two factors tested. This means that the two factors were independent to the effect of both factors.

Table 11: Mean flavor rating of meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

 

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	6.70	6.75	6.70	6.72	26.87	6.72
COBB	6.77	6.77	6.66	6.81	27.01	6.75
DAL.KABIR	7.62	6.71	6.54	6.82	27.69	6.67
TOTAL	21.09	20.23	19.90	20.35	81.57	20.14
MEANns	6.70	6.74	6.63	6.78	26.85	6.71

ns – not significant

 

Table 12 revealed that the birds given with 20ml Molasses (control) had a rate of 6.83, which indicate as the juiciest meat. Birds supplemented with 40ml fermented Mani-mani had a rate of 6.75, and a rating of 6.71 was garnered by birds supplemented with 40ml fermented Azolla. The lowest rating of 6.65 was noted from bird’s supplement with 40ml fermented Trichantera. All mean ratings were interpreted as like moderately. The result in terms of juiciness of meat of strains of broiler was not significant. Further, no significant interaction noted on the meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice in terms of juiciness. The Juiciness of meat of strains of broiler was independent to the effect of different sources of fermented plant juice. The most tendered meat after 42 days of supplementing different sources of fermented plant juice was observed from birds supplemented with fermented Mani-mani with a rating of 6.82. This was followed by birds given with fermented Azolla with a rate of 6.79, with Molasses.

Table 12: Mean juiciness rating of meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	PURE MOLASSES	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	6.66	6.60	6.68	6.80	26.74	6.69
COBB	6.82	6.71	6.81	6.71	27.05	6.76
DAL.KABIR	7.01	6.63	6.65	6.75	27.04	6.76
TOTAL	20.49	19.94	20.14	20.26	80.83
MEANns	6.83	6.65	6.71	6.75		7.74

ns – not significant         

(control) with a rate of 6.73. The lowest rating of 6.71 was observed from birds supplemented with fermented Trichantera. In addition, all mean ratings observed in all treatments were descriptively interpreted as like moderately (Table 13). The result was not significant. Similarly, no significant interaction noted in terms of tenderness of meat of strains of broiler and the different sources of fermented plant juice.

Table 13: Mean tenderness rating of meat of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

STRAINS OF BROILER	MOLASSES ONLY	TRICHANTERA	AZOLLA	MANIMANI	TOTAL	MEANns
HUBBARD	6.69	6.86	6.81	6.87	27.23	6.81
COBB	6.69	6.63	6.83	6.72	26.87	6.72
DAL.KABIR	6.81	6.63	6.73	6.86	27.03	6.76
TOTAL	20.19	20.12	20.37	20.45	81.13	20.29
MEANns	6.73	6.71	6.79	6.82	27.05	6.76

ns – not significant         

Table 14 presents the cost and return analysis on one hundred (100) heads of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice. After deducting the total expenses, it was noted that it was most profitable when birds were supplemented with fermented Trichantera which realized an ROI of 5.82%. Birds given with Molasses obtained an ROI of 4.80%. An ROI of 4.14% was garnered by birds given with fermented Azolla. The lowest ROI of 2.51% was taken from birds supplemented with fermented Mani-Mani. The result of the study in terms of the profitability of broilers supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice seems to agree with the result of the study [16] that fermented madre de ague did not affect the feed conversion ratio and gain in weight of broilers. However, supplementation with 30ml per liter of FPJ from madre de Agua realized the highest net profit of Php 30.82 per bird.

Table 14: Details on the Cost and Return Analysis on 100 heads of strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice.

ITEMS                              TREATMENTS                              Control      Trichantera      Azolla     Mani-mani A. GROSS INCOME   Weight of live Chicken (kg)1 Hubbard                   263          248         242        224 Cobb                          250          252         246        242 Dal. Kabir                236          259         245        253   Sales of live Chicken @ Php140/kg2 Hubbard                 34,190        32,240      34,160    29,120 Cobb                        32,500        32,760      31,980    34,160 Dal. Kabir              30,680        33,670      31,850    32,890   Total                97,370.00     98,670.00   97,990.00   96,170.00   B. EXPENSES   Stock3 Hubbard                 3,500          3,500       3,500      3,500 Cobb                        3,500          3,500       3,500      3,500 Dal. Kabir              4,500          4,500       4,500      4,500   Feeds4 Chick booster          16,590         16,380       16,695    16,590 Chick starter            15,642         15,444       15,741    15,642 Chick grower           12,798         12,636       12,879    12,798   Housing and cages5            9,281          9,281        9,281     9,281 Labor6                                                   7,500           7,500         7,500     7,500 Waterer7                                                   700            700          700      700 Transportation8                 187.50         187.50       187.50    187.50 Electricity9                                     37.50          37.50        37.50     37.50 Preparation of Fermented Plant Juice10 Bond paper               0.00             250          250         250 Molasses11                          30.00           75.00        75.00     75.00 Trichantera                0.00           200          200        200 Azolla                            0.00           200          200         200 Mani-mani                    0.00           200          200         200 NCD Vaccine12                    38.75           38.75        38.75      38.75 Total expenses      92,961.00       93,241.00    94,096.00   93,811.00   NET PROFIT (Php) 4,454.00         5,429.00     3,894.00    2,359.00

ROI (%)     4.80             5.82         4.14         2.51

4. CONCLUSION

The study was conducted at Brgy. Baybay, Jamin dan, Capiz, it was conducted to determine the effect of different sources of fermented plant juice in the strains of broiler. Specifically, the study was conducted to evaluate the performance of strains of broilers given with different sources of fermented plant juice in terms of feed consumption, gain in weight, water intake, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, carcass quality and efficiency in terms of profitability. The study used one hundred forty-four (144) day old broiler chicks randomly distributed following arrangement of 3 x 4 factorial experiment in CRD with three replications. Factor A included the strains of broiler (Hubbard, Cobb, Dalmatian Kabir) and factor B were the different sources of fermented plant juice (Trichantera, Azolla, Mani-mani). Data for various parameters were gathered and subjected to analysis of variance. There was no significant difference observed in the strains of broiler supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice in terms of feed consumption, water intake, gain in weight, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, and carcass quality. Similarly, no significant interaction effect noted on the parameters previously mentioned. The economic returns of raising broilers supplemented with different sources of fermented plant juice showed that all treatments were profitable especially in the supplementation of fermented plant juice from Trichantera with a return of investment (ROI) of 5.82%. Based on the results of the study, the researcher has drawn the following conclusions: The effect of different sources of fermented plant juice in the different strains of broiler has no favorable influence on the growth parameters particularly the gain in weight, feed consumption, water intake, feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage and the carcass quality of broilers.  Broilers supplemented with fermented plant juice from Trichantera posted the highest return on investment of 5.82%. No interaction effect between the strains of broiler and the different sources of fermented plant juice was noted in all parameters tested. Based on the findings of the study, the researcher advances the following recommendations, Supplement broilers with fermented plant juice from Trichantera for better economic gains. Conduct further studies to validate the results preferably by increasing the levels of supplementation or by using fermented plant juice from other plant sources.

 

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