1. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; noraffandy.aldraiweesh@gmail.com
2. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; ahmed.yahaya212@gmail.com

*             Correspondence: noraffandy.aldraiweesh@gmail.com

Keywords: 5S, performance, management, learning, performance evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

The term “kaizen” denotes the concept of “positive change,” representing a Japanese philosophy aimed at fostering ongoing enhancements in the efficiency of organizational processes. Kaizen is a strategic approach rooted in the principles of 5S, aimed at achieving continuous improvement in industrial performance through the effective and efficient reduction of waste and enhancement of productivity [1]. Kaizen is a systematic approach that engages employees at all hierarchical levels within an organization. Various individuals propose suggestions for enhancing and executing the process. The nature of this endeavor is not ephemeral, but rather persistent, characterized by the establishment of benchmarks and the ongoing enhancement of these benchmarks, as well as the maintenance of their capacity to consistently meet established criteria over an extended period of time. The focal point of this study revolves around a quintet of steps that serve as the bedrock for the attainment of a competitive advantage within any given organization. The five principles, as identified by the Japanese methodology, are Seiri (Sort), Seiton (Set In Order), Seiso (Shine), Seiketsu (Standardize), and Shitsuke (Sustain) [4]. Kaizen is a process that involves employees of all levels in an organization. Everyone comes up the suggestion regarding the improvement and implementation of the process. This is not a short-term activity [5]; it is continuous and revolves around setting standards and then frequently improving those standards and sustaining their abilities to meet standards on a long-term basis. Many companies started introducing measures to boost their productivity in order to succeed in this situation [6]. The majority of these programs were based on Japanese principles of development. In this way, the company deals with the lean management (LM) theme with a focus on Kaizen 5S implementation, which, if correctly implemented, helps to increase the sustainability of organizations [7]. Many companies are now faced with the need to adapt rapidly to the changing demands, wants, and preferences of consumers [8]. To stay competitive and maintain market share in this world economy, continuous development has become a requirement of the industry. These continuous forces have been efficient and constantly rising levels of customer loyalty in the success of companies [9]. Many companies faced problems during the implementation of this strategy, like; lack of time by top management, lack of interest of middle management, lack of communication, employee resistance towards new strategy, sticking to the old ways of working, and lack of understanding [10]. The essence of success in every kind of company is currently innovative in its goods or services. The latest advancements and the increased consistency of goods or services are key factors for performance [11]. Normally, this change was accomplished by applying the best methods selected to accomplish a specific target. With competition on a global scale, two main problems confront managers in the organization: first, managers need to make the right choices in choosing the strategies to accomplish their targets, and second, they lack the knowledge to effectively improve efficiency and performance [12]. The textile sector of India is a major contributor in the perspective of export and employment and adds 8.5 percent to the GDP and gives 40% of the workforce employment [13]. India ranks as the eighth largest exporter of textile products globally and holds a prominent position as both a producer and consumer of cotton. Additionally, India’s textile industry encompasses a wide range of diversified textile products [14]. In the global marketplace, Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, and India emerge as prominent contenders. However, recent trends indicate that India’s contribution to the world textile trade has been below one percent, while Bangladesh, China, and Pakistan have maintained a more significant presence. The user’s text is too short to be rewritten in an academic manner. The implementation of Kaizen in the apparel industry entails enhancing each stage of the business process and progressively fostering employee skills through training and engagement [16]. The implementation of this approach within the apparel industry has the potential to effectively mitigate wastage and enhance productivity across various departments [17]. The potential for economic prosperity lies in the expansion of the industry, a goal that can be accomplished by enhancing and maintaining performance levels [18]. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the inquiries pertaining to the execution of the kaizen 5S strategy.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

 The implementation of the 5S methodology supports organizations in the organization of unused equipment and resources, reduction of obsolete items, enhancement of productivity, and establishment of a more favorable working environment (19). According to the author, an essential initial step for companies aspiring to embark on a path of continuous quality improvement and efficient output is the effective implementation of 5S practices [20]. Individuals tend to exhibit a preference for organizing and tidying their workspace when they are entrusted with the responsibility for their own office [21]. The implementation of the 5S practices fosters a conducive working environment, thereby motivating employees to perform optimally. The longevity of this practice is ensured by the recognition and endorsement of the 5S behaviors by each organization, which further encourages employee participation through the implementation of incentive programs [22]. Presently, entrepreneurs are actively engaging in the pursuit of process optimization strategies in order to ensure the sustained competitiveness of their firms within the market. The necessity for a business to prioritize the assurance of high-quality goods and the ongoing improvement of procedures is evident [23]. Kaizen serves as a tool for achieving cost reduction and enhancing quality improvement. In order to enhance operational efficiency and promote better working conditions for employees, it is imperative for the organization to implement ongoing modifications within its manufacturing chain [24]. These processes have the potential to bolster self-assurance, alter the professional milieu, cultivate a positive perception among customers, and foster employee motivation. These attributes contribute to the organization’s rapid growth, operational effectiveness, enhanced profitability, and ability to sustain competitiveness in the market [25]. In order to achieve success and maintain competitiveness in the global market, the output and performance of a company are of paramount importance. To this end, various strategies are formulated and executed. The study findings indicate that the implementation of the 5S technique can lead to enhancements in quality, productivity, efficiency, and the overall working environment within an organization [26]. The researchers propose that various factors and their interrelationships should be considered in order to attain optimal efficiency and effectiveness in performance. Training plays a pivotal role in achieving success through the implementation of the 5S methodology. The implementation of 5S is contingent upon receiving sufficient training, as without it, staff members are unable to effectively standardize the 5S process [27]. It is imperative for the organization to acknowledge that resistance to change poses a significant challenge during the implementation of the 5S methodology. The implementation of 5S operations has led to the establishment of a secure and conducive work environment, as well as an enhancement in work standards [28]. Due to effective training sessions and diligent skill practice, various factors that contribute to workplace injuries have been effectively mitigated [29]. In one of the research by, the findings revealed that after getting acquainted with the 5S application, the methodology is highly effective, appropriate and beneficial, and advantageous for organizations. It also demonstrates that in certain organizations, their workers do not understand the advantages of 5s as it is not implemented fully [30]. 5S is a structured approach intended to coordinate, schedule, disinfect, standardize, and develop a work environment constantly. 5S projects are far more than mere housekeeping at work. 5S is important for the efficient operation of different lean manufacturing techniques [31]. 5S measures, namely Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, and Shitsuke, are considered the keys to maximum performance in a company. The study unveiled that the 5S methodology is employed to enhance organizational performance, foster development, and optimize efficiency.The 5S methodology is a systematic approach aimed at reducing waste and optimizing productivity in an effective and efficient manner [32]. The implementation of the 5S methodology enhances organizational transparency, thereby fostering a positive initial impression of the workplace for visitors, particularly prospective customers. The effective execution of the 5S methodology not only enhances operational efficiency, such as productivity and cost effectiveness. The application of the 5S principles is applicable across various sectors, including manufacturing, trade, and services [33]. The successful implementation of 5S is influenced by four primary factors, namely sustained engagement and support from top management, training and development initiatives, active participation of full-time employees, and the establishment of standardized procedures for long-term 5S implementation [34]. The importance of ongoing training is widely recognized as a crucial factor in transforming organizational culture. Evaluations should prioritize the improvement and progression of all contributions from the organization until the implementation of the 5S system is fully accomplished. According to a study conducted by researchers, it has been found that the implementation of the 5S methodology is an effective technique for optimizing housekeeping practices, enhancing environmental efficiency, and meeting health and security standards [35]. It is worth noting that the approaches employed by the organizations exhibit certain resemblances. The utilization of this approach can serve as a means to facilitate the dissemination and adoption of 5S practices within the workforce, while also functioning as a method of employee training [36]. The 5S methodology is employed to establish and maintain an efficient culture of quality within an organization, with the aim of enhancing worker productivity and functionality. The implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) in the United Kingdom is greatly facilitated by the adoption of the 5S methodology. This is evident in the presence of 205 manufacturing firms and 106 services companies that have successfully implemented TQM. Additionally, the influence of 16 prominent Japanese companies has played a crucial role in the successful implementation of TQM in the United Kingdom.

3. CONCLUSIONS

The implementation of the 5S technique has significantly enhanced the operational efficiency of various organizations. This study has investigated the relationship between management practices and organizational performance using the 5S methodology. The primary objective of this study is to examine the correlation between management methodologies, specifically the 5S approach, and organizational learning in relation to organizational performance. The existing body of literature suggests that the implementation of the 5S methodology yields favorable outcomes. Additionally, it highlights the importance of the training and development process in order to maintain success in a competitive market. The findings of this study demonstrate a positive correlation among all the factors examined. Specifically, the analysis reveals a strong and statistically significant relationship between management practices and 5S policies. However, it is important to note that despite this association, the full adoption and implementation of 5S policies have not been achieved, resulting in the failure to attain the desired outcomes. The interdependence between management practices and organizational learning has been identified, although it is observed that this relationship is not fully leveraged to its optimal potential. Training and development is a systematic procedure aimed at enhancing employees’ knowledge and skills in alignment with the demands of the market. The presence of training initiatives in the readymade garment sector is evident, however, it has not been adequately upgraded to align with the current market standards. The results also suggest that the surveyed organizations are engaged in efforts to improve their existing practices and display a hesitancy towards embracing novel strategies in order to enhance their performance. This paper serves as a valuable resource for practitioners and managers tasked with implementing the 5S approach. It showcases the potential benefits that can be derived from this new strategy and provides insights on how to foster the necessary organizational culture to effectively execute processes and ensure adherence to quality standards within their system. From a managerial perspective, the findings establish a correlation between theoretical principles and the practical implementation of the 5S methodology. Based on the empirical evidence, it is advisable for 5S professionals or instructors to carefully consider the benefits associated with the implementation of 5S, rather than solely perceiving it as a simplistic technique for enhancing business development. One potential constraint of the study is its exclusive focus on the garment industry. It is advisable to consider the possibility of conducting similar research in an alternative sector as well.

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