1. College of Criminal Justice Education, Guimaras State University, Guimaras, Philippines
2. College of Criminal Justice Education, West Visayas State University, Iloilo, Philippines
3. College of Criminal Justice Education, Guimaras State University, Guimaras, Philippines
4. College of Criminal Justice Education, West Visayas State University, Iloilo, Philippines

*             Correspondence: aizle.eres@gsc.edu.ph

Keywords: Philippine National Police PNP, Police patrols, law enforcement, Guimaras

1. INTRODUCTION

From crises to domestic violence and drug misuse occurrences, law enforcement organizations are the first responders to many of society problems. By thus doing, they not only reduce the intensity of these occurrences but also serve as important channels connecting people to required resources [1] Furthermore, these organizations help to preserve community peace, order, and general security. Law enforcement also acts as the initial responders to many kinds of crises, domestic violence situations, and drug abuse-related activities. They help to lessen the severity of incidents and enable the link between people and the appropriate services [2]. Furthermore, especially the Philippine National Police (PNP), law enforcement agencies are very essential in maintaining the peace, order, and safety of the society. [3] recommend an appropriate degree of execution for the public safety and community peace and order initiatives in Negros Occidental. This suggests that the program activities were carried out to a significant degree; the degree of implementation varied per barangay (village). Population size and economic level among other things were thought to affect the reach and effectiveness of the program. Particularly in regions with consistent population and economic activity increase, public safety is fundamental to social stability and community well-being [4]. Maintaining peace and order in Guimaras province, part of the Western Visayas area of the Philippines, is essential to promote its tourism-driven economy and enhance the quality of life for locals. Determent of crime, road safety guarantees, and citizen security promotion are all significantly influenced by patrol units of local police and community volunteers. According to [5], the efficient execution of patrol protocols depends on the fundamental importance of officer knowledge, training, and motivation among other elements. Furthermore, the study points out a link between crime, lack of education, and poverty, thereby stressing the need of social initiatives in addition to more police presence in high-risk regions. [6] investigate how various patrol routing strategies affect police response times, officer load, and general crime prevention. This showed that while accidentally ignoring others, effective routing algorithms may stop too much patrolling in some areas. [7] further underlined the effectiveness of carried-out tactics in reducing crime rates. Key to this achievement is the cooperative relationship between the community and law enforcement, especially the Philippine National Police (PNP). Programs like the Police Integrated Patrol System (PIPS) help to coordinate these synergistic initiatives, which are essential for producing real results in public safety and crime prevention. [8] stress the need of data-driven patrol tactics. Strategic resource allocation is made possible by a thorough knowledge of crime demographics, emphasizing locations with increased risk factors or unique crime trends. Assessing the success of patrol activities has major consequences for uniformed officers, legislators, and members of the public as well. While actively involved in efforts meant to prevent, investigate, and solve criminal acts, police officers are responsible for implementing legal legislation [9]. Moreover, they have a vital duty to safeguard the well-being and interests of the broader public. The impact of patrols on law enforcement in the community is a subject of great relevance. Members of the uniformed military, legislators, and the community itself must first grasp how well patrol operations work [10]. The police officers in issue are charged with maintaining and enforcing legal legislation as well as participating in actions meant to prevent, investigate, and resolve criminal acts. They are also responsible for protecting the welfare and interests of the broader population [11]. The study aimed to evaluate how well the police integrated patrol system in Guimaras Province operates. Particularly, this paper intends to address the following inquiries: The study examined the efficacy of police patrols in maintaining peace and order among respondents categorized by respondent type, age, civil status, and educational attainment. It also investigates if there are notable variations in the effectiveness of the patrol based on these variables when considering the entire group.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A method used to describe or summarize traits, behaviors, or events within a population, this paper utilized descriptive quantitative study. It is collecting numerical data, examining, interpreting, and presenting that information to provide a clear and succinct account of the topic of study. Often, descriptive quantitative study addresses who, what, where, when, and how many inquiries [12] Before the start of this project, a formal notice was sent to many agencies informing them of the study that will be carried out. This study’s main goal is to determine how well police patrols operate in the neighborhood. The researchers created the questionnaire, which then went through a thorough validation procedure with law enforcement specialists. The questionnaire was evaluated for dependability once their suggestions were included. Using a voluntary response system, the questionnaire was sent to people chosen by convenience sampling once its dependability was confirmed. Recognized as the most common kind of non-probability sampling, convenience sampling consists of deliberately choosing samples from a population easily accessible to the researcher [13] The data collected in this study was analyzed using many statistical techniques. While percentage defined the proportion of certain numbers in relation to the whole dataset, frequency was used to identify the number of respondents in certain categories. Mean computations were used to gauge the general efficacy of the police integrated patrol system and to analyze its efficacy across several demographic groups including respondent type, age, civil status, and educational level. The consistency of the data collected from replies was measured using standard deviation, which also helped to identify the homogeneity or heterogeneity of the dataset. Significant variations in the general efficacy of the integrated patrol system were found using the one-sample t-test. The independent sample t-test was also utilized to determine notable variations in the efficacy of the integrated patrol system across many metrics depending on respondent type. When classified by age, civil status, and educational level, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to find notable variations in the efficacy of PIPS across many parameters. These statistical studies revealed the feasibility of the integrated patrol system and its effectiveness across various demographic groups and metrics.

3. RESULT & DISCUSSION

Segmented by kind of respondent, age, civil status, and educational level, Table 1 offers a thorough summary of the demographic profile of the respondents in this study. The information gathered shows a varied representation of individuals, hence providing insightful analysis of the makeup of the sample population. A significant result from the data is the majority of Guimaras inhabitants, who make up 71.1% of the overall sample; the other 28.9% is made up of non-residents. This difference in response rates between residents and non-residents points to a possible tendency among local inhabitants to engage in the study, maybe motivated by their inherent interest in the topic or their relationship with the area. Respondents between 36 and 40 years old and 46 to 50 years old had the greatest response rates in terms of age distribution, making up 16.9% of the whole sample. On the other hand, the 56 to 60-year age group had the least response rate, at only 15% of the sample. These results draw attention to the age distribution of the respondents and point out possible trends in involvement among various age categories. With respect to civil status, a notable 70.3% of respondents were classified as married; 27.2% were single; and 1.1% were widowed. This distribution reveals the variety of marital status in the study population. Moreover, the respondents’ level of education differed; most were recognized as college graduates, who made up 52.9% of the sample. Next biggest group at 26% was college students; a lesser percentage was classified as Others, comprising only 0.3% of the sample. These results provide insightful analysis of the respondents’ educational background, hence stressing the variety in the sample. All things considered, the respondent profile in our study sample shows a great deal of variety including people mostly from the Province of Guimaras. Especially prominent in the sample are those between 36 and 40 years old, married, with a college degree, and those between 46 and 50 years old. Understanding the makeup of the study population and interpreting the results in the larger framework of law enforcement efficacy and community involvement depend on these demographic insights.

Table 1: Profile of the Respondents

Considering many demographic factors, Table 2 offers a thorough examination of the efficacy of police patrols in law enforcement. The findings show generally that law enforcement activities, as seen via police patrols, are seen to be carried out in line with their intended aims and objectives, with an average mean score of 3.90 and a standard deviation of 0.266. This implies a great degree of public satisfaction with the performance of law enforcement agency. Furthermore, when considering efficacy depending on the kind of respondent, both residents and non-residents in the Province of Guimaras saw law enforcement actions as ongoing, with mean scores of 4.51 and 4.70 respectively, and standard deviations of 0.363 and 0.359. This result shows a consistent and good view of law enforcement efficacy among people with different degrees of direct involvement or connection to the area, suggesting a great degree of confidence in law enforcement agencies and their capacity to keep efficient practices across time. Moreover, age seems to have no impact on views of law enforcement efficacy as all age groups often see law enforcement activities as ongoing. This implies that community people have a good and strong assessment of law enforcement, which helps to build confidence and feeling of safety in the Philippine National Police across all age groups. With single, married, and separated people showing comparable views, people in different categories see law enforcement activities as ongoing in terms of civil status. Widowed people, on the other hand, see law enforcement as totally carried out, which may suggest certain issues or expectations exclusive to their demographic group. Educational achievement also affects views of police efficiency in the same way; people with more education level usually see police activities as continuous. Especially those with vocational education see law enforcement as completely carried out, indicating the necessity for further investigation into the elements shaping their viewpoint. All things considered, these results highlight the significance of taking demographic characteristics into account when assessing law enforcement efficacy and customizing plans to meet the particular requirements and preferences of various demographic groups within the community. Knowing these differences can help to guide focused programs meant to improve community confidence and involvement with police forces, hence helping to create more efficient and inclusive law enforcement policies.

Table 2: Effectiveness of Police Patrol in the Effectiveness of Law Enforcement

Note: Description is based on the following scale: 1.00-1.80 (No Implementation), 1.81-2.60 (No Active Implementation Yet), 2.61-3.40 (Partial Implementation), 3.41-4.20 (Full Implementation), 4.21-5.00 (Sustained Implementation)Variations in the Efficacy of the Police Patrol in the Field of Peace and Order Both when seen as a whole and when categorized according to certain demographic factors, Table 3 offers a thorough examination of the efficacy of police patrols in several domains of law enforcement. The findings show notable variations across multiple important factors, suggesting that the efficacy of law enforcement activities differs across various subgroups within the investigated population. Examining the whole group reveals a notable variation in efficacy (T = 320.37, df = 349, Sig. (2-tailed) =.000), indicating that opinions of law enforcement efficacy vary greatly throughout the whole sample. Moreover, significant variations are apparent when one takes into account certain demographic factors. Especially, the kind of respondent (T = -3.38, df = 348, Sig. (2-tailed) =.001), civil status (T = 1.985, df = 346, Sig. (2-tailed) =.116), and educational level (T = 3.566, df = 345, Sig. (2-tailed) =.007) determines variations in efficacy. These results show that the efficacy of law enforcement initiatives differs greatly across various demographic groups. The diverse character of the examined population is shown by the existence of notable variations across demographic factors. It implies that elements like respondent type, civil status, and educational level affect views of law enforcement efficacy. But age does not seem to affect views of law enforcement efficacy in this study as no notable variations in effectiveness are found depending on age (T =1.240, df = 341, Sig. (2-tailed) =.274).
These results show generally the necessity of taking demographic elements into account when assessing law enforcement efficacy and customizing tactics to meet the particular requirements and preferences of various demographic groups within the community. Knowing these differences can help to guide focused programs meant to improve community confidence and involvement with police forces, hence helping to create more efficient and inclusive law enforcement policies.

Table 3: Differences in the Effectiveness of the Police Patrol in the Area of Peace and Order

P < .05

4. CONCLUSION

The results of the study provide insightful analysis of how well police patrols support law enforcement in the community. Comprehensive statistical studies revealed that, as seen via police patrols, law enforcement activities are usually understood as being completely carried out, suggesting a high degree of satisfaction and confidence among those surveyed. Interestingly, while age had no impact on views of police efficacy, variation was seen depending on civil status and educational level. Knowing these differences can help to guide focused plans to improve police agencies’ involvement and community confidence. This study added to the body of information on law enforcement effectiveness and emphasizes the necessity of continuous assessment and modification of law enforcement procedures to satisfy the changing demands and expectations of the community. These results are important for lawmakers, law enforcement agencies, and community groups working to improve public safety and security.

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